أنتم
阿拉伯语
词源
来自原始闪米特语 *ʔantum。
发音
代词
أَنْتُمْ (ʾantum),非重读后接形ـكُم (-kum)。
- 你们(阳性复数主格代词)
参见
阿拉伯语人称代词
独立型主格代词 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
第1人称 | أَنَا (ʾanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | أَنْتَ (ʾanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʾantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʾantum) |
〈阴〉 | أَنْتِ (ʾanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʾantunna) | ||
第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum) |
〈阴〉 | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
独立型宾格代词 | ||||
单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
第1人称 | إِيَّايَ (ʾiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʾiyyānā) | ||
第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | إِيَّاكَ (ʾiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʾiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʾiyyākum) |
〈阴〉 | إِيَّاكِ (ʾiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʾiyyākunna) | ||
第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | إِيَّاهُ (ʾiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʾiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʾiyyāhum) |
〈阴〉 | إِيَّاهَا (ʾiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʾiyyāhunna) | ||
附着型宾格与属格代词 | ||||
单数 | 双数 | 复数 | ||
第1人称 | ـنِي (-nī), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)* | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
第2人称 | 〈阳〉 | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
〈阴〉 | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
第3人称 | 〈阳〉 | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)** | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)** | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)** |
〈阴〉 | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)** | ||
* Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”)接动词,而ـي (-y)或ـيَ (-ya, “我的”)接名词。 In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي (-y) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʾinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʾinnī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʾinnanī)) is usually preferred. ** ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). |
来源
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “أنتم”, J. Milton Cowan, 编, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th版, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, ISBN 0-87950-003-4