tempus是什么意思_tempus读音|解释_tempus同义词|反义词

名词

tempus

1. (语言学, 过时) 时态

变格

词源1

• 源自原始印欧语 *tempos (“伸长”)，源自词根*temp- (“伸长”)，参见templum (“圣地”)、tempora。语义变化可能是“伸长的” → “（时间）延长的” → “时间，场合”。
• 或源自原始印欧语 *temh₁- (“切，割”)。参见拉丁语 temnō、tondeō、templum、古希腊语 τέμνω (témnō)。词源发展对比英语time。
• 从副词形temperī来看，本词的变格形可能最初类似genus。

名词

tempus n（属格 temporis）; 第三类变格

1. (书面) 时间，时节

   ad/in tempus ― 暂时

   tempus diurnum ― 白天

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon III.284:

     sed fvgit intereā fvgit inreparābile tempvs

     但同时，它流逝了，流逝了……这无法挽回的时间。

   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.220:

     Cur anni tempora morbos adportant?

     为何一年四季总会带给人悲伤？

   1. (特指) 期间
      • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4:

        per īdem tempus annōrum novem, ab ūndēvīcēnsimō annō aetātis meae ūsque ad duodētrīcēnsimum, sēdūcēbāmur et sēdūcēbāmus

        在从我19岁到28岁的这9年间，我误入歧途，并带领其他人跟随我。

2. (转义)：
   1. (书面)：
      1. (统称) 时间
      2. (特指) 契机，机会

         in tempore ― 正好

         ad tempus venīre ― 正好来到

         ante tempus ― 太早 (字面意思是“比正好的时间早”)

   2. (转义):
      1. (用复数) 情况，状况

         prō tempore ― 根据情况

         • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:

           Ō tempora, ō mōrēs! Senātus haec intellegit, cōnsul videt; hic tamen vīvit. Vīvit?

           Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!

      2. (诗歌, 修辞) 数量
      3. (语法) 时态

变格

第三类变格名词（中性，imparisyllabic non-i-stem）。

派生词

派生语汇

• 盎格鲁-诺曼语： tens
• 阿斯图里亚斯语： tiempu
• 巴斯克语： denbora
• 达尔马提亚语： tiamp
• 英语： tense
• 弗留利语： timp
• → 加利西亚语： tempo
• 伊斯特拉语： tenpo
• → 意大利语： tempo
  • → 书面挪威语： tempo
• 那不勒斯语： tiempo
• 书面挪威语： tempus
• 拉登语： tëmp
• → 帕皮阿门托语： tempo
• 古法语： temps, tans, tens
  • 勃艮第语： tamps
  • 中古法语： temps
    • 法语： temps
  • 诺曼语： temps
  • 瓦隆语： tins
• 古奥克语： tems
  • 加泰罗尼亚语： temps
  • 奥克语： tèms, tems, temps
• → 皮埃蒙特语： temp
• → 葡萄牙语： tempo
• 罗马尼亚语： timp
• → 罗曼什语： temp
• 俄语： темп (temp)
• → 撒丁语： tempus
• 西西里语： tempu
• 西班牙语： tiempo
• → 瑞典语： tempus
• 威尼斯语： tenpo, tènp
• 威尔士语： tymor

词源2

源自词源1。参见古英语 þunwang (“颞”)、中古高地德语 tinne、tinge (“额头，颞”)。

较少用单数形，参见古希腊语τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaíria)。

名词

tempus n（属格 temporis）; 第三类变格

1. (用复数, 解剖学) 颞
2. (诗歌, 转义) 脸；头

变格

第三类变格名词（中性，imparisyllabic non-i-stem）。

派生语汇

• 阿斯图里亚斯语： tenllera
• 加泰罗尼亚语： templa
• 世界语： tempio
• 古法语： temple
• 加利西亚语： tempas
• 意大利语： tempia
• → 葡萄牙语： têmpora
• 罗马尼亚语： tâmplă
• → 撒丁语： tempus
• 西班牙语： tiempo

词源3

源自词源1。

名词

tempus n（属格 temporis）; 第三类变格

1. (中世纪拉丁语, 罕用) 天气

变格

第三类变格名词（中性，imparisyllabic non-i-stem）。

派生语汇

• 加泰罗尼亚语： temps
• 法语： temps
• → 加利西亚语： tempo
• → 意大利语： tempo
• 那不勒斯语： tiempo
• → 帕皮阿门托语： tempo
• → 葡萄牙语： tempo
• 罗马尼亚语： timp
• 西班牙语： tiempo

参考资料

• tempus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• tempus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• tempus在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• tempus在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
    
  • time passes: tempus praeterit, transit
    
  • to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei
    
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re
    
  • to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re
    
  • to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
    
  • to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei
    
  • to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    
  • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
    
  • to spend time: tempus ducere
    
  • to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
    
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    
  • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
    
  • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
    
  • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    
  • occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
    
  • circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum)
    
  • it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
    
  • the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
    
  • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
    
  • in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
    
  • in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
    
  • the imperial epoch: tempora Caesariana
    
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    
  • in process of time: tempore progrediente
    
  • at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    
  • at this moment: hoc tempore
    
  • in an instant: puncto temporis
    
  • at the important moment: momento temporis
    
  • just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
    
  • on the spur of the moment: temporis causa
    
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    
  • for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
    
  • for a short time: brevis or exigui temporis
    
  • after some time: spatio temporis intermisso
    
  • at present; for the moment: in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)
    
  • the spirit of the times, the fashion: saeculi consuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)
    
  • the succession of the four seasons: commutationes temporum quadripartitae
    
  • in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
    
  • the charms of spring: suavitas verni temporis
    
  • morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum
    
  • the morning hours: tempora matutina
    
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    
  • the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
    
  • under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate
    
  • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
    
  • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
    
  • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
    
  • to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re
    
  • to devote all one's leisure moments to study: omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere
    
  • the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
    
  • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
    
  • to consult history: memoriam annalium or temporum replicare
    
  • the mythical period, the heroic age: tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54)
    
  • to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
    
  • chronology: temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo
    
  • to observe the chronological order of events: temporum ordinem servare
    
  • to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
    
  • to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare
    
  • to make a chronological mistake: temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23)
    
  • to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
    
  • to be exact in calculating dates: diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus
    
  • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere
    

名词

tempus m

1. temps的宾格复数形

词源

源自拉丁语 tempus (“时间”)。tempo的同源对似词。

发音

• IPA^(帮助)：/ˈtɛmpʉs/

名词

tempus n（定单数 tempuset，不定复数 tempus，定复数 tempusa）

1. (语言学, 语法) 时态

变格

Template:Nn-noun-infl

参考资料

• “tempus”在 新挪威语词典中的解释。

词源

源自拉丁语 tempus，源自原始印欧语 *tempos (“拉长”)，源自词根*temp- (“拉长”)。

发音

• IPA^(帮助)：/ˈtempus/

名词

tempus m（复数 tempos）

1. (可数, 不可数) 时间
2. (不可数) 天气