philosophy是什么意思_philosophy读音|解释_philosophy同义词|反义词

其他形式

• philosophie (弃用)
• phylosophie (弃用)
• phylosophy (非标准)

词源

源自中古英语 philosophie、古法语 philosophie以及两者词源拉丁语 philosophia，源自古希腊语 φιλοσοφία (philosophía)，源自φίλος (phílos, “爱...的”) + σοφία (sophía, “智慧”)。可作philo- +‎ -sophy分析。取代英语本土词古英语 ūþwitegung。

发音

• (英国) IPA^(帮助)：/fɪˈlɒsəfi/
• (通用美式) IPA^(帮助)：/fɪˈlɑsəfi/

• 音频（通用美式）

名词

philosophy（可数 & 不可数，复数 philosophies）

1. (不可数, 原意) 喜好智慧
2. (不可数) 哲学 （学科）

   Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.

   哲学常划分为五个主要分支：逻辑、形而上学、认知论、伦理学和美学。

   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

3. (可数) 理论体系，理念体系
4. (可数) 哲学 （某领域基本概念的看法、观念）

   a philosophy of government;   a philosophy of education

   执政的哲学；教育的理念

5. (可数) 一般规则 （一般指道德）
   • 2012，Francesca Valensise， From Building Fabric to City Form: Reconstruction in Calabria at end of Eighteenth Century‎^[1]，Gangemi Editore spa, →ISBN, 页号8:

     As a matter of fact the Enlightment culture was based on a philosophy inspired to an ethical laicism whose aim was to create a better society based on principles such as solidarity, equality of rights and duties, and full freedom.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

6. (古旧) 更广义的非应用科学分支。
7. 冷静而理智的行为举止
8. (印刷, 过时) small pica 之同义词 (常用于法语印刷)。
   • 2010, Thomas Wharton, Salamander, Emblem Editions (ISBN 9781551994444)

     Although I prefer small pica. Or as itsTemplate:SIC sometimes known, philosophy.

     – Small pica, or philosophy, she said. It sounds like the title of a novel. With a girl heroine.

分体词

• 亦参见Thesaurus:philosophy

衍生词汇

相关词汇

动词

philosophy（第三人称单数简单现在时 philosophies，现在分词 philosophying，一般过去时及过去分词 philosophied）

1. (现已罕用) 论述
   • 1603，Michel de Montaigne，章号12，出自John Florio译，， The Essayes […]，book II，London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     Plato hath (in my seeming) loved this manner of Philosophying, Dialogue wise in good earnest, that therby he might more decently place in sundry mouthes the diversity and variation of his owne conceits.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

参见

• en:Appendix:Glossary of philosophical isms
• ideology

参考资料

• “philosophy” in the Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, 2001
• “philosophy” in the Dictionary.com Unabridged, v1.0.1, Lexico Publishing Group, 2006.

延伸阅读

• "philosophy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 235.