dog_days
英语
词源
仿译自拉丁语 diēs caniculārēs (“小狗日”)，仿译自古希腊语 κυνάδες ἡμέραι (kunádes hēmérai, “狗之日”)，[1]源自κυνάς (kunás, “狗的，与狗有关的”)，源自Κῠ́ων (Kúōn, “狗”)，此处的“狗”指天狼星，在荷马希腊语中作“猎户座之犬”。[2]天狼星偕日升时（在古雅典和古罗马分别为7月25日和7月29日）被视为是一年中最热、最不健康、最不幸运的时节。[3]
发音
名词
- (古旧) 天狼星偕日升的时节，现代指八月初（具体时间随纬度有变）
- 近义词： (古旧) canicular days
- 1538, Thomas Elyot, "Canicula" in The Dictionary of Syr Thomas Eliot:
- 1883, H.H.C. Dunwoody, "Proverbs Relating to Months, Weeks, and Days" in Weather Proverbs, Signal Service Notes, No. IX, p. 98:
- Dog days bright and clear
Indicate a good year;
But when accompanied by rain,
We hope for better times in vain.
- Dog days bright and clear
- 三伏天，一年中最热的时节
- 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Ayre Rectified. With a Digression of the Ayre.”，出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd edition，Oxford, Oxfordshire:Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970, partition 2, section 2, member 3, 页号214:
- Why ſhould thoſe Eteſian and Eaſterne winds blow cōtinually in ſome places, at ſet times, one way ſtill, in the dog dayes only: heere perpetuall drought, there dropping ſhowres; [...]
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2013 August 17, "A Rickety Rebound" in The Economist, Vol. 408, No. 8849:
- The dog days of August have often spelled trouble for the world economy.
- 使人感到迟钝、怠惰的时节
- 1993, Billboard (volume 105, number 24, page 62)
- The two-cassette miniseries, produced by Oliver Stone, arrives in early August, in time to stir the dog days of summer rentals.
- 1993, Billboard (volume 105, number 24, page 62)
使用说明
历史上，“dog days”的期间是依据大犬座的天狼星或小犬座的南河三偕日升的时间来推断的。这个时间随纬度有变，且不适用于南半球。[3] 天狼星两次偕日升之间的间隔大概是365¼日，和儒略历一致，但和现代通用的格里高利历有差别。因此“dog days”的期间从7月3日到8月15日不等，大概会有30-61天。[3]16世纪英格兰认定的“dog daies”为7月7日至9月5日。[4][5]有些现代历书会将“dog daies”定为7月3日至8月11日，[6]以天狼星偕日升之日作为其结尾，而非开始。
来源
- ↑ "dog day[永久失效连结]" on Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ κῠ́ων Ὠρίωνος (kúōn Ōríōnos)，在《伊利亚特》中作宾格省略形κύν᾽ Ὠρίωνος (kún᾽ Ōríōnos) (Iliad XXII.22)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 “dog day, n.”, OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000; “dog days”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ “The Table and Kalendar...” in The Boke of Common Prayer... (1552), London: Edward Whytchurche.
- ↑ “The Table and Kalendar...” in The Boke of Common Praier... (1559), London: Richard Grafton.
- ↑ “Dog Days Begin” in The Old Farmer's Almanac (2017), Dublin, N.H.: Yankee Publishing.
