英语
其他写法
- ye (古语主格，方言复数)
- ya, yah, yer, yeh, y', yo, yu, yuh (非正式或视觉方言)
- -cha (非正式，在 /t/ 音后)
- -ja (非正式，在 /d/ 音后)
- u (非正式，网路语言)
- yoo (视觉方言)
- yew (弃用或视觉方言)
- youe, yow, yowe (弃用)
词源
源自中古英语 you、yow、ȝow (ye的宾语)，源自古英语 ēow、īow (ġē的与格)，源自原始日耳曼语 *iwwiz (*jīz的与格)，*izwiz (*jūz的与格)的西部方言，源自原始印欧语 *yūs (“你们”)、*yū́。
与低地苏格兰语 you (“你”)、萨特弗里斯兰语 jou (“你”)、西弗里斯兰语 jo (“你”)、低地德语 jo、joe、oe (“你”)、荷兰语 jou、u (“你”)、中古高地德语 eu、iu (“你”, 宾格代词)、拉丁语 vōs (“你”)、阿维斯陀语 𐬬𐬋 (vō, “你”)、阿什昆语 iã (“你”)、Kamkata-viri šo (“你”)、梵语 यूयम् (yūyám, “你”)同源。
参见使用注意章节。Ye、you 和 your分别与荷兰语 jij/je、jou、jouw；低地德语 ji、jo/ju、jug，以及德语 ihr、euch、euer同源。ye也与瑞典语 I〈古〉同源。
发音
如果you跟在以/t/、/d/、/s/、/z/音结尾的词后，可能会分别与/j/合并成/tʃ/、/dʒ/、/ʃ/、/ʒ/。这种发音有时也会在书写中表示出来，如gotcha（got you）或 whatcha doin'?（更为正式的写法是 what are you doing?）。
代词
you（第二人称，单/复数，主/宾语，所有格限定词 your，所有格代词 yours，单数反身 yourself，复数反身 yourselves）
- 第二人称单数或复数代词：你，你们。
- What do you think of this plan?
- 你（们）觉得这个计划如何？
- (不定人称代词) 代称任何人 [自16世纪]
- 2001, Polly Vernon, The Guardian, 5 May 2001:
- You can't choose your family, your lovers are difficult and volatile, but, oh, you can choose your friends - so doesn't it make much more sense to live and holiday with them instead?
- 2001, Polly Vernon, The Guardian, 5 May 2001:
使用注意
- you 起初多作复数代词（即“你们”义），且多作宾语，类似 us 之于 we。当时对应的主语是 ye。单数形式则分别为 thee 和 thou。在一些较为旧式的英语中 you 和 ye 都是单数敬称，如用于称呼上级，而 thee 和 thou 则是单数非敬称。1600年代，还有作家反对“单数 you 的用法” [1]（对比反对单数 they 的用法），但在现代英语中，thee 和 thou 都已是古语，而 you 则通用作单数和复数形式。
近义词
- (主语代词：你)：
- yer (英国英语视觉方言)
- 参见上方其他写法章节，以及Appendix:英语人称代词
- (主语代词：你们)： 参见y'all
- (宾语代词)： thee (单数，古旧), ye, to you, to thee, to ye
- (宾语代词)： ye, to you, to ye, to you all
- (指代任何人)： one, people, they, them
派生词
- believe you me
- generic you
- how are you
- IOU
- mind you
- nice to meet you
- see you later
- smell you later
- thank you
- you'd
- you know
- you'll
- you're
- you've
派生语汇
- 牙买加克里奥尔语： yuh
参见
英语人称代词
| 数 | 人称 | 性 | 主语 | 宾语 | 反身 | 所有 | 所有代词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单数 | 第一 | — | I | me | myself | my | mine |
| 第二 | — | you, thou (古) |
you, thee (古) |
yourself, thyself (古) theeself (古) |
your, thy (古) |
yours, thine (古) | |
| 第三 | 阳性 | he | him | himself | his | ||
| 阴性 | she | her | herself | her | hers | ||
| 中性 | it | itself | its | its (罕) | |||
| 复数 | 第一 | — | we | us | ourselves | our | ours |
| 第二 | — | you, ye (古) |
you | yourselves | your | yours | |
| 第三 | — | they | them | themselves | their | theirs | |
| 不定 | 第三 | — | one | oneself | one's | — | |
限定词
you
- 你，你们
- Have you gentlemen come to see the lady who fell backwards off a bus?
- 您几位先生来看那位朝后从巴士上摔下来的女士了吗？
- 用于指代人的修饰语前，加强语气。
- You idiot! ― 你这傻子！
- 2015, Judi Curtin, Only Eva, The O'Brien Press (ISBN 9781847177506):
- 'You genius!' I shouted in Aretta's ear. 'You absolute genius! Why didn't you tell us you were so good?'
派生词
- y'all
- you guys
- you-uns
动词
you（第三人称单数简单现在时 yous，现在分词 youing，一般过去时及过去分词 youed）
- (及物) 以代词 you 来称呼某人（如过去用 you 而不用 thou 称呼，因为当时认为 you 更正式）
- 1930, Barrington Hall, Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page 239:
- Youing consists in relating everything in the conversation to the person you wish to flatter, and introducing the word “you” into your speech as often as possible.
- 1992, Barbara Anderson, Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Victoria University Press, page 272:
- Now even Princess Anne had dropped it. Sarah had heard her youing away on television the other night just like the inhabitants of her mother’s dominions beyond the seas.
- 2004, Ellen Miller, Brooklyn Noir, Akashic Books, "Practicing":
- But even having my very own personal pronoun was risky, because it’s pretty tough to keep stopped-hope stopped up when you are getting all youed up, when someone you really like keeps promising you scary, fun, exciting stuff—and even tougher for the of that moment to remain securely devoid of hope, to make smart, self-denying decisions with Dad youing me—the long ooo of it broad and extended, like a hand.
- 1930, Barrington Hall, Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page 239:
参考资料
- ↑ The British Friend (November 1st, 1861), notes: "In 1659, Thomas Ellwood, Milton's friend and scoretary, thus expresses himself—“ The corrupt and unsound form of speaking in the plural number to a single person, you to one instead of thou, contrary to the pure, plain, and simple language ..."
喀麦隆皮钦语
替代写法
词源
发音
代词
you
参见
Template:Wes-personal pronouns
日语
罗马化
you
参见
- yō
卡拉瓦语
名词
you
来源
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
莱昂语
词源
来自古莱昂语 yo，来自通俗拉丁语 *eo，6世纪始见于罗曼语族，来自拉丁语 ego，来自原始意大利语 *egō；与希腊语 εγώ (egó)、梵语 अहम् (aham)同族，全部来自原始印欧语 *éǵh₂。
代词
you
参见
Template:Roa-leo-personal pronouns
官话
罗马化
you
- yōu 的非标准拼写。
- yóu 的非标准拼写。
- yǒu 的非标准拼写。
- yòu 的非标准拼写。
使用说明
中古英语
词源1
代词
you
- yow 的另一种写法
词源2
代词
you
- (主要用于北部和东米德兰方言) þou 的另一种写法
米兰德斯语
词源
来自古莱昂语 you，来自通俗拉丁语 *eo，6世纪始见于罗曼语族，来自拉丁语 ego。
发音
代词
you
- 我 （第一人称代词）
- 2008，Picä Tumilho (band) （作曲），“Ai que cochino!!! (ver. II)”，出自 Faíçca: Ua stória d'amor i laboura:
- I you cun muita fuorça spetei bien la faca
- 而我用小刀深深地扎穿。
普耶语
名词
you
来源
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
塔基亚语
词源
名词
you
来源
- Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley, Meredith Osmond, The Lexicon of Proto-Oceanic: The Culture and Environment (2007, ISBN 1921313196
- ↑ Loanwords in Takia, in Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook (edited by Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor), page 761
泰雷布语
名词
you
延伸阅读
- Malcolm Ross (1988), “Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia”, Pacific Linguistics, 卷series C-98
