scram是什么意思_scram读音|解释_scram同义词|反义词

scram

释义：

scram

《Scram》是 Jack McDuff演唱的一首流行歌曲，所属专辑《 Soul Summit》。

参见百度百科介绍

英语

发音

  • (标准英音、通用美式) 英语发音：skrăm、IPA(帮助)：/skɹæm/
  • （正统英式）音频
  • 韵部：-æm

词源 1

可能是：

动词

scram（第三人称单数简单现在时 scrams，现在分词 scramming，一般过去时及过去分词 scrammed）

  1. (不及物, 原美国, 经常命令式) 匆忙离开；滚开 [自20世纪初叶]
    近义词： 参见Thesaurus:go away
    What are you kids doing on my lawn? Scram!
    你们这帮小孩在我家草地上干嘛？走开走开！
    • 1927，Franklin W. Dixon [pseudonym; Leslie McFarlane]，“Rival Detectives”，出自 The Tower Treasure (The Hardy Boys; 1)，New York, N.Y.:Grosset & Dunlap，出版年份1987 (2006 printing), →ISBN:
      Maybe when he found that Chet's jalopy was gone, he felt he'd better scram, and forgot the coat and hat.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1935，Harry Carr，“So This is Los Angeles”，出自 Los Angeles, City of Dreams，New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton-Century Company, OCLC 1153648512, 页号241:
      The boy who was playing glowered at the intruder and growled. "Well, scram Kibitzer; scram."
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1935年2月23日，J. Lane Linklater，“The Signal: A Short Short Story”，出自Fulton Oursler编， Liberty，卷号12，期号8，New York, N.Y.:Liberty Publishing, OCLC 72942004, 页号35, column 2:
      "Come on!" barked Harry. "Scram!"
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1937，John Steinbeck， Of Mice and Men，New York, N.Y.:Penguin Books，出版年份1994, →ISBN:
      Jus' go on like we was gonna buck barley the rest of our lives, then all of a sudden some day we'll go get our pay an' scram outta here.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1943，Hans Natonek，“The Affair of the Semi-private Bathroom”，出自Barthold Fles译，; Sugden Tilley编， In Search of Myself，New York, N.Y.:G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, part 2 (The Year before the Decision), 页号89:
      "You scram out of here!" she admonished me fiercely. "Get out, or I'll scream so loud I'll wake the whole house up! You—you Peeping Tom!"
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1950，Mickey Spillane， My Gun is Quick‎[1]，New York, N.Y.:Signet, New American Library，出版年份2014, →ISBN:
      One day he packs in here with a new convertible, tells me he's moving out and scrams. Never give me a dime.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1988，Don DeLillo， Libra‎[2]，New York, N.Y.:Penguin Books，出版年份2006, →ISBN:
      George was going to Haiti and he knew Lee would feel that the one man whgo took an interest in him was scramming out the door.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2005 July，MaryJanice Davidson，章号28，出自 Undead and Unappreciated (Berkley Sensation)，mass-market edition，New York, N.Y.:Berkley Books，出版年份December 2005, →ISBN, 页号225:
      [T]wo vampires had picked up the guy who needed a new face, and they scrammed.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
衍生词汇
  • amscray

词源 2

不详，动词可能派生自词源 1。[2]有人认为其为“safety control rod actuator mechanism”、“safety control rod axe man”、“safety control rods activation mechanism”之类的缩写，不过大概率是逆向字母补齐得来的。

名词可能派生自动词[3]

动词

scram（第三人称单数简单现在时 scrams，现在分词 scraming 或 scramming，一般过去时及过去分词 scramed 或 scrammed） (主要用于核物理学)

  1. (及物) 使...紧急停堆 （指核反应堆）；(引申义) 使...紧急停止，紧急叫停
    • 1976 December，Randy Warsaw，“Fermi II – A Plant Tour”，出自Ray Barry编， The Michigan Technic，卷号XCV，期号3，[Ann Arbor, Mich.]:College of Engineering, University of Michigan, ISSN 0026-2471, OCLC 17266335, 页号15:
      The NCR [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] further demands the plant conform to all the safety requirements put into effect during construction. This means constant re-design. There must also be several ways to scram (emergency shut down) the reactor. Some of these are automatic and some are manual.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1978，“Appendix II—Answers to Written Questions Posed to Nuclear Regulatory Commission before the Hearings”，出自 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Requests: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session, on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Requests for an Increased Authorization for Fiscal Year 1978 and for a Fiscal Year 1979 Authorization of $330,000,000: […] (Serial No. 95-161)，Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, OCLC 880096456, 页号794:
      Startup of reactor recirculating pump resulted in flux spike scraming plant.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1983，Michio Kaku and Jennifer Trainer编， Nuclear Power, Both Sides: The Best Arguments for and against the Most Controversial Technology，New York, N.Y.:W[illiam] W[arder] Norton, →ISBN, 页号22:
      The slightest problem in a reactor will cause the control rods to plunge automatically in the uranium core at high speeds (this is called scramming the reactor) and stop the chain reaction.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2000，Ralph R. Fullwood，“Analyzing Nuclear Reactor Safety Systems”，出自 Probabilistic Safety Assessment in the Chemical and Nuclear Industries，Boston, Mass.:Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, section 6.1.4.3 (ABB PIUS), 页号218:
      Both active and manual methods scram by tripping power to a dedicated pump that unbalances the flows to the[sic] passively scram the reactor.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2007年6月22日，Samuel Upton Newtan，“Nuclear Reactor Disasters: Part I: Stationary Reactors (Non-breeders)”，出自 Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century，Bloomington, Ind.; Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire:AuthorHouse, →ISBN, 页号113:
      The reactor was then "scramed", but the control rods did not slide back into the reactor.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2012年12月12日，D. Michael Battey，章号35，出自 Tenacity Gene，Bloomington, Ind.:iUniverse, →ISBN, 页号174:
      Raising group eight rods and brining a nuclear reactor fully to life for the first time in nearly ten years—everyone was so ready they were all ready to pee in their pants. Andrews did not know he could do it without SCRAMing the reactor—in other words, pushing it into an automatic shutdown that might be too little too late.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. (不及物) （指核反应堆） 紧急停堆；(引申义) 紧急停止
    • 1984，Charles Perrow，“Nuclear Power as a High-risk System”，出自 Normal Accidents: Living with High-risk Technologies，Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press，出版年份1999, →ISBN, 页号44:
      This shut off current to the control rod mechanism, and the reactor scrammed (shut off) automatically.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2012，Daniel Yergin，“The Urgency of Fuel Choice”，出自 The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World，revised edition，New York, N.Y.:Penguin Books, →ISBN, part 3 (The Electric Age), 页号415:
      As soon as the earthquake struck, the reactors "scrammed"—shut down automatically—as they were supposed to.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2016，Nabil Abu el Ata; Rudolf Schmandt，“Understanding the Hidden Risk of Dynamic Complexity”，出自 The Tyranny of Uncertainty: A New Framework to Predict, Remediate and Monitor Risk，Berlin; Heidelberg:Springer, DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-49104-1, →ISBN, part I (Once upon a Time), 页号21:
      Immediately after the earthquake, following government regulations, the remaining reactors, 1–3, automatically SCRAMed; control rods shut down sustained fission reactions.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
其他形式
  • SCRAM
衍生词汇
  • scramming (名词)

名词

scram（复数 scrams） (主要用于核物理学)

  1. (亦定语) （核反应堆的） 紧急停堆；(引申义) 紧急停止，紧急叫停
    • 1960年10月5日，John Roberts; S. F. Armour，“Introduction”，出自 T7 Tanker Locking Piston Control Rod Drive Scram Analysis (GEAP 3561)，Oak Ridge, Tenn.:Office of Technical Information, United States Atomic Energy Commission, OCLC 794672341, 页号2:
      During scram operation, a scram signal de-energizes the inlet and outlet scram valves. The outlet scram valve vents the volume above the drive piston to a scram dump tank. The inlet scram valve supplies scram pressure obtained from an accumulator to the under side of the vented piston.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1966 fall，staff of First Atomic Ship Transport, Inc.，“Operating Experience of the N.S. Savannah in Commercial Service”，出自 Nuclear Safety: A Quarterly Technical Progress Review，卷号8，期号1，[Oak Ridge, Tenn.]:Division of Technical Information, United States Atomic Energy Commission, ISSN 0029-5604, OCLC 859780278, section VI, 页号65:
      Of the 14 scrams experienced, none was caused by operation exceeding the design parameters. Eight scrams occurred with the control rods withdrawn. [...] Six scrams occurred while the rods were inserted. Five were intentional to prevent accidental rod withdrawal, and one was the unintentional result of an instrument adjustment.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1981，Alan E. Waltar; Albert B. Reynolds，“Unprotected Transients”，出自 Fast Breeder Reactors (Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies)，New York, N.Y.; Oxford, Oxfordshire:Pergamon Press, →ISBN, section 15-5.D (Loss of Ultimate Heat Sink), 页号604:
      By the time scram is completed, coolant temperatures would likely be climbing due to the combination of a large heat capacity within the fuel pins and low coolant flow.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2016，Nabil Abu el Ata; Rudolf Schmandt，“Understanding the Hidden Risk of Dynamic Complexity”，出自 The Tyranny of Uncertainty: A New Framework to Predict, Remediate and Monitor Risk，Berlin; Heidelberg:Springer, DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-49104-1, →ISBN, part I (Once upon a Time), 页号21:
      Although fission stops almost immediately with a SCRAM, fission products in the fuel continue to release decay heat, initially about 6.5% of full reactor power. [...] Corresponding with the SCRAM, emergency generators were automatically activated to power electronics and cooling systems.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2011，Min Lee，“The Past, Present and Future of Nuclear Power in Taiwan”，出自Xu Yi-chong编， Nuclear Energy Development in Asia: Problems and Prospects，Basingstoke, Hampshire:Palgrave Macmillan, DOI:10.1057/9780230306332, →ISBN, 页号171:
      Other indicators can be used to measure the performance of an NPP [nuclear power plant] including the number of scrams (emergency shutdowns of a nuclear reactor), the collective dose (a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population), the amount of low-level waste generated, and the fuel reliability. The number of scrams dropped from the peak of 30 in 1984 to only one in 2004 and 2–3 in the last two years.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. 紧急停止装置
    • 1963 June，Kenneth Calkins，“Linac and Dynamitron”，出自 Boeing Magazine，卷号XXXIII，期号6，Seattle, Wash.:Public Relations Division, Boeing Airplane Company, OCLC 1052694660, 页号6, column 2:
      Each room housing a radiation source has a red-buttoned "scram" switch on the wall. One touch of the switch and all equipment stops abruptly.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1993，Tom Clancy， Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit‎[3]，New York, N.Y.:Berkley Books，出版年份November 1996, →ISBN:
      She watched as the Marine technical team leader pressed the red SCRAM buttons for each reactor, setting off a chorus of alarms.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1998，Vladimir M. Munipov，“Ergonomics [Disregarding Ergonomic Design Principles: Chernobyl]”，出自Jeanne Mager Stellman编， Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety，卷号I，4th edition，Geneva:International Labour Office, →ISBN, 页号29-96:
      In particular, measures have been taken to make the scram system more fast-operating and to exclude any possibility of its being deliberately shut off by the personnel.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2004，Dieter Berg，“Radionuclides Released into the Environment”，出自Richard Tykva and Dieter Berg编， Man-made and Natural Radioactivity in Environmental Pollution and Radiochronology (Environmental Pollution)，Dordrecht:Springer Science+Business Media, DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-0496-0, →ISBN, 页号119:
      Today it is considered to be true that the accident paradoxically was ultimately caused by the emergency shut down of the reactor. By sending in the practically completely withdrawn scram and control rods, the reactivity of the reactor by the faulty conception of the rods was for a short time not lowered, but augmented.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
其他形式
  • SCRAM

词源 3

动词是英语方言词scramb (“用手拉起；从地上抓起；用指甲、爪子挠；猛地拉下；撕开；撕咬；从地上捡起的一抓东西”)的一个变体，可能与荷兰语 schrammen (“擦，划”)[4]和德语 schrammen (“抓”)有关，参见词源 1。

名词派生自动词。

动词

scram（第三人称单数简单现在时 scrams，现在分词 scramming，一般过去时及过去分词 scrammed）

  2. (及物, Derbyshire, 威尔士) （用指甲、爪子）抓，挠
    • [1996–2020，Ted Duckworth，“scram”，出自 A Dictionary of Slang‎[4], archived from the original on 30 August 2013:
      scram [...] Verb. [...] 2. To scratch, with claws or fingernails. E.g. "It's my own fault the cat scrammed me, I was teasing it." [South Wales use]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）]
    • 2013年12月19日，Abby Bolter，“Firefighters Rescue Woman Trapped in Bridgend Flat following an Alleged Arson Attack”，出自 WalesOnline‎[5], archived from the original on 24 December 2013:
      A woman has praised firefighters and her cat for saving her life following an alleged arson attack. Two-and-a-half-year-old tortoiseshell Taffy repeatedly bit owner Tracie Horgan-Hodgkiss on the hand until she woke up when her flat filled with acrid smoke in the early hours of this morning. [...] "I’d like to say thank you very much to the firefighters for coming to rescue me. And I am sorry that Taffy scrammed one of them!"
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
      (Also reported as “Cat wakes woman as flat fills with smoke”", The Daily Telegraph, 21 December 2013, page 17.)
  3. (及物, 美国, 矿业, 古旧) （在已经开发过的矿道中）采零碎的矿石
    • 1880，“Marquette Iron District”，出自 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics of the State of Michigan, for 1879，Lansing, Mich.:W. S. George & Co., […], OCLC 7854637, 页号167:
      Just west of this pit is another one, which has been nearly worked out; but three men are scramming about five tons per day in it.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1882，A. P. Swineford，“The Cyclops Mine”，出自 Annual Review of the Iron Mining and Other Industries of the Upper Peninsula for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 1881，[Marquette, Mich.]:Mining Journal, OCLC 18002409, 页号141:
      Recently, Capt. Oliver, [...] set a couple of experienced miners to work scramming in this underground pit, when it was soon discovered that what the former mining captain had conceived to be a regular foot-wall, was, in fact, a thin shale of rock, which hid from view what now appears to be a very large body of clean blue ore.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

名词

scram（复数 scrams）

  1. (Derbyshire, 威尔士) （爪子、指甲的）抓，挠
    • [1996–2020，Ted Duckworth，“scram”，出自 A Dictionary of Slang‎[6], archived from the original on 30 August 2013:
      scram [...] Noun. [...] 2. A scratch. [South Wales use]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）]
  2. (美国, 矿业, 古旧) （已经开发过但现在仍小规模开采的）矿道，矿井
    • 1887，Cha[rle]s D. Lawton，“The Jackson Iron Co.”; “The Cleveland Mining Co.”，出自 Mines and Mineral Statistics，Lansing, Mich.:Thorp & Godfrey, […], OCLC 1109248127, 页号64 and 67:
      [page 64] Many of these old openings still afford places where ore is mined. A man can start in almost anywhere and fine ore. There is a great deal of this "scramming" done at the Jackson. Quite a proportion of the annual product comes in this way. Not unfrequently one of these "scrams" leads to the finding of a large deposit of ore. [...] [page 67] South from the east part of the Incline pit they have a scram of good ore which furnished a small product.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1891，N[ewton] H[orace] Winchell; H[orace] V[aughn] Winchell，“The Chandler Mine”，出自 The Iron Ores of Minnesota, […] (Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota Bulletin; no. 6)，Minneapolis, Minn.:Harrison & Smith, […], OCLC 487100576, part II (Methods of Exploration and Mining, and Descriptions of the Various Mines), 页号196:
      There are numbered workings running to about 20, representing small pits and scrams, sometimes worked by contract by "scrammers."
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

词源 4

词源不详。[5]

动词

scram（第三人称单数简单现在时 scrams，现在分词 scramming，一般过去时及过去分词 scrammed） (不及物, 英国, 方言, 古旧)

  1. （指身体、躯体因寒冷或缺乏运动而） 麻痹，僵硬
    • 1857，Frances Freeling Broderip，“Murder Will Out. An ‘Owre True Tale.’”，出自 Way-side Fancies，London:Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 4613090, part 2, 页号13:
      The bean-setters can fully appreciate the nipping, biting keenness of the air, and avow frankly, in their own peculiar idiom, "that they be pretty nigh scrammed!"
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • Template:RQ:Hardy Wessex Poems
    • Template:RQ:Hardy Ethelberta
  2. （因伤病、意外而）变虚弱
    • [1867]， chapter I，出自 How Mary Edmonds Did What She Could; and What Came of it after Many Days，London:The Religious Tract Society, […], OCLC 559519995, 页号14–15:
      "But they will be scrammed!* the children will be scrammed, Mary, before morning," cried Jim, scratching his head with perplexity and distress at the very thought of two young creatures sleeping on the bare boards, in a cold garret with only a shawl to cover them. [Footnote *: Starved.]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

参考资料

  1. ↑ “scram, v.2”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1982; compare “scram, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  2. ↑ “scram, v.3”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1982; “scram, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  3. ↑ “scram, n.2”, OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1982; “scram, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  4. ↑ 约瑟夫·莱特, editor (1905), “SCRAMB, v. and sb.”, The English Dialect Dictionary: […] [英语方言词典： […]], 卷V (R–S), 伦敦: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, OCLC 81937840, 页269: “To scratch with the nails or claws.”
  5. ↑ 对比约瑟夫·莱特, editor (1905), “SCRAM, v.3”, The English Dialect Dictionary: […] [英语方言词典： […]], 卷V (R–S), 伦敦: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, OCLC 81937840, 页269, 卷1

延伸阅读

异序词

  • Crams, MRCAs, crams, marcs, mrcas