desideratum是什么意思_desideratum读音|解释_desideratum同义词|反义词

英语

词源

古典借词，借自拉丁语 dēsīderātum (“想要的东西”)，dēsīderātus的中性主格单数形式，dēsīderāre (“想要，渴望”)的被动过去分词，^[1]源自dēsīderō (“想要，希望，渴望”)，源自de- (程度增强后缀) + （可能）sīdus (“星星；星座”)，但其间的关联性不详。英语词与法语 desideratum、西班牙语 desiderátum同源。

复数形式源自拉丁语 dēsīderāta。

发音

(标准英音) IPA^(帮助)：/dɪˌsɪdəˈɹɑːtəm/, /-ˌzɪ-/, /-ˈɹeɪ-/
（正统英式）音频
(通用美式) IPA^(帮助)：/dəˌsɪdəˈɹɑtəm/, /-ˌzɪ-/, [-ɾəm]
断字：de‧si‧de‧ra‧tum

名词

desideratum（复数 desiderata）

渴望的东西，想要的东西，需求 [自17世纪中叶]
- 1774 November，“Art. XI. An Improvement Proposed in the Cross Wires of Telescopes. By Dr. Wilson, of Glasgow.”，出自 The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle，卷号XLIV，London:Printed […] for D[avid] Henry, […], OCLC 192374019, 页号529, column 2:
  It having hitherto been a deſideratum to draw ſilver wire fine enough for aſtronomical uſes, our author's improvement "conſiſts in nothing but in flattening the fineſt wires which are now drawn."
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1807年6月10日，Benjamin Smith Barton， A Discourse on Some of the Principal Desiderata in Natural History, and on the Best Means of Promoting the Study of This Science, in the United-States. […]，Philadelphia, Pa.:Printed by Denham & Town, […], OCLC 926101138, 页号15:
  I shall now, agreeably to your request, endeavour to point out some of the principal Desiderata of the science of Natural History, and the most effectual means to be pursued for the Advancement of Science.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- Template:RQ:Landon Lady Anne Granard
- 1896，Mary Baker Eddy， Miscellaneous Writings 1883–1896，Boston, Mass.:Christian Science Publishing Society, OCLC 13894648; republished Boston, Mass.:Trustees under the Will of Mary Baker G. Eddy，1924, OCLC 785390420, 页号355:
  Less teaching and good healing is to-day the acme of "well done;" a healing that is not guesswork, – chronic recovery ebbing and flowing, – but instantaneous cure. This absolute demonstration of Science must be revived. To consummate this desideratum, mortal mind must pass through three stages of growth.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1898，Herbert Spencer，“Moral Education”，出自 Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical，New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton and Company, […], OCLC 935900223, 页号161:
  While much is being done in the detailed improvement of our systems in respect of both matter and manner, the most pressing desideratum has not yet even been recognised as a desideratum.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1907 November，Angus Caithness，“Notes on Neuralgia”，出自J. J. Lawrence编， The Medical Brief: A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery，卷号XXXV，期号11，St. Louis, Mo.:[s.n.] […], OCLC 243875937, 页号840, column 2:
  A heavy clay soil is bad for all neuralgics, and the house should be dry, and on a sandy or gravel soil. The desideratum for all neuralgic affections is perpetual summer, but this can only be obtained, and it is not always possible, by an annual migration.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1968， Sociology and Social Research，卷号53，Los Angeles, Calif.:Southern California Sociological Society, University of Southern California, ISSN 0038-0210, OCLC 1080706420, 页号65:
  Money is probably a desideratum under almost any circumstance, though it is certainly possible to imagine limitations.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1991，James B. Freeman，“Basic Theoretical Considerations”，出自 Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments: A Theory of Argument Structure (Studies of Argumentation in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis)，Berlin; New York, N.Y.:Foris Publications, →ISBN, section 2.2 (Desiderata for Theory and Practice), 页号33:
  [W]e want to present certain desiderata for a theory of argument structure and the diagramming system which represents it. These desiderata will further highlight the appropriateness of presenting our dialectal theory of argument at the beginning of our study.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2018，Robert A. Wilson，“A Socio-cognitive Framework for Marked Variation”，出自 The Eugenic Mind Project，Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press, →ISBN, section 6.8 (Return of the Seven), 页号137:
  In terms of the seven desiderata for any adequate response to the puzzle of marked variation, I have argued that the constructivist view's only real strength lies in the first desideratum.
  （请为本引文添加中文翻译）