英语
词源
动词派生自中古英语 crengen (“高傲地俯身,屈尊”) [以及其他形式],[1]源自古英语 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下,使翻转”),crinċġan (“屈服;畏缩;倒下;死亡”)的使役动词,[2]源自原始日耳曼语 *krangijaną (“使倒下”),源自原始日耳曼语 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下;翻转;屈服”)(源自原始印欧语 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”))+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麦语 krænge (“翻出内侧,使...外翻”)、荷兰语 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地苏格兰语 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩,耸肩”)、瑞典语 kränga (“猛然转向;猛然前倾;掷”)和西弗里斯兰语 kringe (“捏;戳;推;坚持,催促”)同源,且是crinkle的同源对似词。
名词[3]和形容词派生自动词。
发音
动词
cringe(第三人称单数简单现在时 cringes,现在分词 cringing,一般过去时及过去分词 cringed)
- (不及物) 畏缩,退缩
- He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
- 那只鸟撞到窗子上,让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- 1860,[John B. Newman],“The Combat”,出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange,New York, N.Y.:Rudd & Carleton, […], OCLC 6186322, 页号28:
- Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
- (不及物, 比喻义) 畏惧,恐惧,恶心;(引申义)十分尴尬
- (不及物) (卑微地)躬身或蹲伏,卑躬屈膝
- 1624,Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton],“Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”,出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […],2nd edition,Oxford, Oxfordshire:Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15, 页号113:
- [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1667,John Milton,“Book IV”,出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books,London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […],London:Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 958–961:
- And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1846,Thomas Cooper,“To the Countess of Blessington”,出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme,London:Jeremiah How, […], OCLC 156105509:
- Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1891,Edgar Fawcett,“How a Queen Loved”,出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems),New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.:Funk & Wagnalls, OCLC 3402641, stanza I, 页号155:
- Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
- (不及物, 比喻义) 献媚,拍马屁;卑躬屈膝
- 1782,John Brown,“The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”,出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […],4th edition,Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], OCLC 316766184, 页号119:
- Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:Macaulay History of England
- 1880年6月23日,Richard F[rancis] Burton,“The Ethnology of Modern Midian”,出自 Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom,卷号XII (Second Series),London:John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […],出版年份1882, OCLC 301010011, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...]), 页号286:
- Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- (及物, 弃用) 将...拉近(身体部位);皱起(脸)
- Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
- (及物, 弃用) 对...点头哈腰;(点头哈腰地)陪同
变位
cringe的变位
其他形式
- crinch (方言)
衍生词汇
- cringeling
- cringemaking, cringe-making
- cringe-makingly (主英国, 口语)
- cringeometer, cringe-o-meter
- cringer
- cringetastic
- cringeworthily
- cringeworthiness
- cringeworthy
- cringingly
- cringingness
- cringing (形容词, 名词)
- cringy
参见
名词
- (可数) 畏缩,退缩
- He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
- 他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
- (可数, 比喻义) 卑躬屈膝
- (可数, 英国英语, 方言) 抽筋,痉挛
- (不可数, 俚语) 尴尬
- There was so much cringe in that episode!
- 那一集也太尬了。
形容词
cringe(比较级 more cringe,最高级 most cringe)
注释
- ↑ From Charles Reade (1861), XXXIII, The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages, 卷II (The Autobiography of a Thief), illustrated library版, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900, OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.
参考资料
- ↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 对比“cringe, v.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ “cringe, n.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
异序词
- cering, genric, rec'ing
意大利语
词源
名词
cringe m(复数 cringe)
波兰语
词源
发音
- IPA(帮助):/krint͡ʂ/
- 韵部:-int͡ʂ
- 音节化:cringe
名词
cringe m inan
变格
cringe的变格
延伸阅读
- 参见cringe 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的内容
- 参见波兰语词典PWN上有关cringe的内容
西班牙语
词源
名词
cringe m(复数 cringe)
形容词
cringe(无变化)
- (新词) 令人尴尬的