bureaucracy是什么意思_bureaucracy读音|解释_bureaucracy同义词|反义词

替代写法

• bureaucratie
• bureau-ocracy (过时)
• burocracy (美国)

词源

bureau +‎ -cracy，来自法语 bureaucratie，由雅克·克劳德·玛丽·文森特·德古纳所创的新词，来自bureau (“官方”) + -cratie (“规则”)。

发音

• (英国) IPA^(帮助)：/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/

  • 音频 (英国)

• (美国) IPA^(帮助)：/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/

名词

bureaucracy（可数 & 不可数，复数 bureaucracies）

1. 官僚政府
   • 2021年12月29日，Philip Haigh，“Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”，出自 RAIL，期号947, 页号25:

     However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. (商业, organizational theory) 官僚体制

   At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.

   当时，政府用官僚制取代了公务员队伍中的赞助制。

3. 官僚机构

   The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)

   官僚机构正在扩大，以满足不断扩大的官僚体制的需要。

4. (主要用于贬义) 繁文缛节，官僚主义

   The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.

   公务员系统的负责人承诺要打击官僚主义。

   • 2020年5月20日，Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster，“Repurpose rail for the 2020s”，出自 Rail, 页号35:

     "If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

衍生词

• bureaucrat
• bureaucratese
• bureaucratic
• bureaucratically

参见

• adhocracy

延伸阅读

• "bureaucracy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 49.
• “bureaucracy”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.