apple是什么意思_apple读音|解释_apple同义词|反义词

词源

源自中古英语 appel，来自古英语 æppel (“苹果；水果（统称）；眼珠；球；球状物；弹丸；药丸”)，来自原始日耳曼语 *aplaz (“苹果”)（对比低地苏格兰语 aipple、西弗里斯兰语 apel、荷兰语 appel、德语 Apfel、瑞典语 äpple、丹麦语 æble），来自原始印欧语 *h₂ébōl、*h₂ébl̥ (“苹果”)（对比威尔士语 afal、爱尔兰语 úll、立陶宛语 óbuolỹs、俄语 я́блоко (jábloko)，可能也与古希腊语 ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “葡萄酒”)有关）。^[1][2]

发音

• (美国、英国) 英语发音：ăpʹ(ə)l、IPA^(帮助)：/ˈæp(ə)l/

• 音频 (美式)

• 音频 (英式)

• 音频

• 韵部：-æpəl

名词

apple（复数 apples）

1. 苹果（水果）[自9世纪起]
   • c. 1378, William Langland, Piers Plowman:

     I prayed pieres to pulle adown an apple.

   • Template:RQ:Austen Emma
   • 2013年10月28日，John Vallins，“Apples of Concord”，出自 The Guardian‎^[1]:

     Close by and under cover, I watched the juicing process. Apples were washed, then tipped, stalks and all, into the crusher and reduced to pulp.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. 与苹果相似的蔬果，例如custard apple (“释迦，番荔枝”)、rose apple (“杯果木；莲雾；蒲桃”)、thorn apple (“曼陀罗”)等等。[自9世纪起]
   • 1585, Richard Eden (translating a 1555 work by Peter Martyr), Decades of the New World, v:

     Venemous apples wherwith they poyson theyr arrows.

   • Template:RQ:Gerard Herball
   • Template:RQ:Topsell Foure-footed Beastes
   • 1658, trans. Giambattista della Porta, Natural Magick, I.16:

     In Persia there grows a deadly tree, whose Apples are Poison, and present death.

   • 1765, Abraham Tucker, The Light of Nature Pursued, page 337:

     The fly injects her juices into the oak-leaf, to raise an apple for hatching her young.

   • Template:RQ:Cook King Voyage
   • 1800, John Tuke, General View of the Agriculture of the North Riding of Yorkshire, page 150:

     It is generally thought, that the curled topped potatoe proceeds from a neglect of raising fresh sorts from the apple or [potato-]seed.

   • 1825, Theodric Romeyn Beck, Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, 2nd edition, page 565:

     Hippomane mancinella. (Manchineel-tree.) Dr. Peysonnel relates that a soldier, who was a slave with the Turks, eat some of the apples of this tree, and was soon seized with a swelling and pain of the abdomen.

   • 1833, Charles Williams, The Vegetable World, page 179:

     One kind of apple or gall, inhabited only by one grub, is hard and woody on the outside, resembling a little wooden ball, of a yellowish color, but internally it is of a soft, spongy texture.

   • 1853, Mrs. S. F. Cowper, Country Rambles in England, Or, Journal of a Naturalist, page 172:

     The cross-bill will have seeds from the apple, or cone of the fir—the green-finch, seeds from the uplands, or door of barn, or rick-yard.

   • 1889, United States. Department of Agriculture, Report of the Secretary of Agriculture, page 376:

     The "apple" or gall usually forms a somewhat kidney-shaped excrescence, attached by a small base on the concave side, and varying in size from a half an inch to an inch and a half in length.

3. 像苹果的东西，例如球或胸部。
   • 1705, J. S., City and Country Recreation, page 104:

     […] shrugging up her Shoulders, to shew the tempting Apples of her white Breasts, Then suddainly lets them sink again, to hide them, blushing, as if this had been done by chance.

   • 1761, An Universal History: 源自the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time, page 508:

     […] count-palatine of the Rhine, who shall carry the globe or imperial apple; and, on his left, the marquis of Brandenburg carrying the scepter.

   • 1851, Robert Bigsby, Old Places Revisited; Or the Antiquarians Enthusiast, page 200:

     The arms of Upland were a "golden apple," or globe, surrounded with a belt, in allusion to the monarchy.

   • 1956, Marion Hargrove, The Girl He Left Behind: Or, All Quiet in the Third Platoon, page 129:

     Andy picked up his two grenades and followed the line into the pits. The apples felt strangely heavy in his hands, and when he looked at them one was as ugly and lethal-looking as the other.

   • 1975, C. W. Smith, Country Music IX, 256:

     A peasant blouse that showed the tops of those lovely little apples.

   • 2008, Harald Kleinschmidt, Ruling the Waves, Bibliotheca Humanistica & Refo

     Contrary to Henricus Martellus, Behaim included the tropics [on his globe...]. Evidently, there was no space for a Fourth Continent on Behaim's apple, although some recollection of the Catalan map seems to lie behind the shape of southern Africa.

   1. (棒球, 俚语, 弃用) 棒球的球。[自20世纪起]
   2. (非正式) 人微笑时脸颊凸起处
   3. 喉结（“Adam's apple”）
      • 1898, Hugh Charles Clifford, Studies in Brown Humanity: Being Scrawls and Smudges in Sepia, White, and Yellow, page 99:

        The sweat of fear and exertion was streaming down his face and chest, and his breath came in short, tearing, hard-drawn gasps and gulps, while the apple in his throat leaped up and down ceaselessly […]

      • 1922, Henry Williamson, Dandelion Days, page 113:

        Elsie went away with her parents to Belgium and the convent-school on the twelfth, and as they left The Firs in the battered station cab surrounded by boxes and trunks, Willie could not speak. The apple in his throat rose and remained there  […]

      • 1999, Liam O'Flaherty, The Collected Stories, Wolfhound Press (IE) (ISBN 9780863276644)

        The apple in his neck was hitting against his collar every time he drew breath and he tore at his collar nervously.

      • 2005, Sandra Benitez, Night of the Radishes, Hyperion (ISBN 9781401307820)

        The apple in his neck bobbles as he gulps. “You've got to be kidding.” “No, I'm not. Your inheritance amounts to maybe three hundred thousand dollars."

      • 2020, George R. R. Martin, A Storm of Swords, Bantam (ISBN 9780593158951), page 959:

        If the Hound had not been moving, the knife might have cored the apple of his throat; instead it only grazed his ribs, and wound up quivering in the wall near the door. He laughed then, a laugh as cold and hollow as if it had come from the bottom of a deep well.

4. （伊甸园的）禁果[自11世纪起]
   • 1667，John Milton，“Book IX”，出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London:Basil Montagu Pickering […]，1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 485–487:

     Him by fraud I have ſeduc'd / 源自his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your wonder, with an Apple; […]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1976, Joni Mitchell, "Song for Sharon":

     Sharon you've got a husband

     And a family and a farm

     I've got the apple of temptation

     And a diamond snake around my arm

   • 1985，Barry Reckord， The White Witch:

     Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift up her fig—leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

5. 苹果树 [自15世纪起]
   • 1913，John Weathers， Commercial Gardening, 页号38:

     If the grafted portion of an Apple or other tree were examined after one hundred years, the old cut surfaces would still be present, for mature or ripened wood, being dead, never unites.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2000 P. A. Thomas, Trees: Their Natural History, page 227:

     This allows a weak plant to benefit from the strong roots of another, or a vigorous tree (such as an apple) to be kept small by growing on 'dwarfing rootstock'.

   • 2009，Sid Gardner， The Faults of the Owens Valley, →ISBN, 页号34:

     Used to be apple orchards, used to be the river and irrigation ditches that watered the apples, used to be mining towns.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2012，Terri Reid， The Everything Guide to Living Off the Grid, 页号77:

     Other fruit trees, like apples, need well-drained soil.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

6. 苹果树的木材[自19世纪起]
7. (以复数形式, Cockney rhyming slang) apples and pears（表示台阶的俚语）的缩略 [自20世纪起]
8. (贬义, 带种族歧视) 行为、思考方式同白种人相似的美洲原住民。
   • 1998，Opal J. Moore，“Git That Gal a Red Dress: A Conversation Between Female Faculty at a State School in Virginia”，出自Daryl Cumber Dance编， Honey, Hush!: An Anthology of African American Women's Humor，W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, 页号537:

     The presenter, close to tears, told the audience that she's really an apple—white on the inside and red on the outside—Native American.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2012年11月12日，Joel Spring， The Cultural Transformation of A Native American Family and Its Tribe 1763-1995: A Basket of Apples‎^[2]，Routledge, →ISBN, ch. 9:

     My ancestors five generations removed were "apples" who were "White" on the inside and "Red" on the outside.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

9. (冰上曲棍球, 俚语) 助攻
10. (俚语) 民用无线电台爱好者
    • 1977, New Scientist (volume 74, page 764)

      Because of overcrowding, many a CB enthusiast (called an "apple") is strapping an illegal linear amplifier ("boots") on to his transceiver ("ears") […]

衍生词

派生语汇

• 托克皮辛语： apel
• → 阿贝纳基语： aples (源自"apples")
• → 阿萨姆语： আপেল (apel)
• → 孟加拉语： আপেল (apel)
• → 迪维希语： އާފަލު‎ (āfalu)
• → 富图纳语： apo
• → 斐济语： yapolo
• → 斐济印地语： aapul
• → 芬兰语： äpüli
• → 马来语： epal (马来西亚)
• → 马拉雅拉姆语： ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)
• → 毛利语： āporo
• → 马绍尔语： abōļ
• → 僧加罗语： ඇපල් (æpal)
• → 塞索托语： apole
• → 泰米尔语： ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)
• → 泰卢固语： ఆపిల్ (āpil)
• → 泰语： แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)
• → 托克劳语： apu
• → 尤罗克语： ˀɹplɹs (源自"apples")

参见

• malic
• (美洲原住民)： coconut、Oreo、banana、Twinkie

参考文献